![]() Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that disrupts the normal sleep-wake cycle. Resistance to narcolepsy is associated with minor alleles of a SNP and a marker in the NLC1A gene (610259) on chromosome 21q22. NRCLP7 (614250) is caused by mutation in the MOG gene (159465) on chromosome 6p22. ![]() Familial cases are the exception rather than the rule, and monozygotic twins show only partial concordance (25 to 31%) (Mignot, 1998). Most human cases of narcolepsy are sporadic and carry a specific HLA haplotype (Peyron et al., 2000). In contrast to animal models, human narcolepsy is not a simple genetic disorder. Unlike normal sleep, that of narcolepsy often begins with REM activity and the time taken to fall asleep is shorter than normal. The normal physiologic components of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, dreaming and loss of muscle tone, are separated and also occur while the subject is awake, resulting in half-sleep dreams and episodes of skeletal muscle paralysis and atonia (cataplexy and sleep paralysis). It is a sleep disorder characterized by attacks of disabling daytime drowsiness and low alertness. ![]() Adie (1926) first delineated narcolepsy as a separate and specific entity. ![]()
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